航空导管弯曲试验的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命

飞行器液压导管受接头和卡箍等约束，在使用的振动环境中，会因弯曲应力而导致破裂，影响到飞行安全．本文对飞行器液压系统通用的不锈钢导管的裂纹萌生寿命进行了试验研究．首先在对8 mm、12 mm 无缺陷导管和含U 型缺口8 mm 导管的疲劳试验和有限元分析的基础上，得到了导管的最大拉应变-裂纹萌生寿命数据．然后采用基于强度极限和弹性模量估算法的Manson-Coffin 公式来预测导管裂纹萌生寿命．最后引入加载类型修正系数、表面质量修正系数、试样尺寸修正系数、应力集中敏感系数和有效应力集中系数，使修正后的公式对三种类型的导管均有较好的裂纹萌生寿命预测精度．     

超音速等离子体炬的磁流体动力学数值研究

针对设计的喉径2mm、工作电流为100A的拉瓦尔喷嘴,在二维轴对称模型的基础上,对超音速等离子体炬中的流动及其外部射流进行了数值模拟。通过在阳极喷嘴内部采用基于磁矢量势的磁流体动力学模型,避免了对磁感应强度的复杂积分计算,得到了喷嘴内部多场耦合的结果及外部射流的流动状态,分析了喷嘴内部电磁场对等离子体的加速作用及射流发展过程。结果显示,等离子体经历了亚音速→跨音速→超音速的发展过程,最终获得2.3 Ma的超音速射流。研究结果为超音速等离子体炬的工业应用提供了理论基础。     

基于DIS数字信息化系统对透光物质透光性能的研究

采用DIS数字信息化系统,对不同浓度的蓝墨水溶液在激光光源照射下的透射平均照度及照度分布图像进行实验研究,得到了平均照度值随溶液浓度变化的规律。对不同颜色塑料膜片对白炽灯光源透过照度值及照度分布图像进行实验研究得到及其相关之规律。     

Infinite family of transmission irregular trees of even order

Distance between two vertices is the number of edges in a shortest path connecting them in a connected graph $G$. The transmission of a vertex $v$ is the sum of distances from $v$ to all the other vertices of $G$. If transmissions of all vertices are mutually distinct, then $G$ is a transmission irregular graph. It is known that almost no graphs are transmission irregular. Infinite families of transmission irregular trees of odd order were presented in Alizadeh and Klav?ar (2018). The following problem was posed in Alizadeh and Klav?ar (2018): do there exist infinite families of transmission irregular trees of even order? In this article, such a family is constructed.     

基于计算机视觉技术的茶叶品质随机森林感官评价方法研究

为弥补茶叶品质感官审评存在的缺陷，利用计算机视觉技术对茶叶品质进行快速无损评价研究。以碧螺春绿茶为对象，依据专家感官审评结果，将茶样分成4个等级；采用中值滤波及拉普拉斯算子对茶样图像进行预处理，并提取预处理后的茶样图像的颜色特征和纹理特征以表征茶叶图像的外形特征，利用随机森林算法对茶叶外形特征属性进行重要性排序；筛选出重要性较大的特征及随机森林算法中最优的决策树棵数建立感官评价模型，并与建立的支持向量机(SVM)模型性能相比较。结果表明：色调均值、色调标准差、绿体均值、平均灰度级、饱和度均值、红体均值、饱和度标准差、亮度均值、一致性等9个特征属性的重要性较大，且与感官审评特征描述结果相一致；当采用优选出的9个重要性较大的特征及决策数棵数为500时，建立的模型性能最优，模型总体判别率为95.75%，Kappa系数为0.933，OOB误差为5%，较SVM模型分别提高了3.5%，0.066，优选的9个重要性较大的图像特征与感官审评特征描述相一致。研究表明：利用随机森林方法筛选出对茶叶外形特征属性贡献最大的少数几个特征建立模型，模型性能就能达到很好的识别效果，模型得到简化，同时模型精度和稳定性都高于其他方法。     

煤直接液化油中混合酚的分离研究

利用分子筛择形特点，对煤直接液化油中的混合酚实施高效分离。本研究选取间甲酚和对甲酚作为分离煤直接液化油馏分段混合酚的模型化合物，采用化学液相沉积法对HZSM-5吸附剂的孔口结构进行改变，分析分子筛硅铝比及颗粒粒径对模型化合物间甲酚和对甲酚吸附分离性能的影响，以获得高性能固相吸附剂，并将其应用于180-190℃馏分段混合酚分离。结果表明，当分子筛硅铝比为25、粒径为3-5 μm时，分子筛的孔口结构调节效果最优；当正硅酸乙酯的最小用量为0.2 mL/g时，固相吸附剂的吸附量为0.03 g/g，对甲酚选择性高于95%。由于外表面沉积物对吸附剂的孔口结构变化，导致对甲酚选择性的提高。进一步采用HZSM-5（1）吸附剂对真实煤直接液化油混合酚的分离中发现，苯酚和对甲酚的选择性均达到100%。     

Molecular design of ambipolar redox-active molecules II: closed-shell systems

This mini-review highlights key structural features that should be taken into account when creating ambipolar redox-active closed-shell metal-free molecules. This type of compound is strongly required for the fabrication of all-organic ‘poleless’ batteries and semiconductors. The suggested strategies aimed at stabilization of both oxidized (cationic) and reduced (anionic) redox-states are based on the comprehensive analysis of the most successful structures taken from the recent publications.     

Current air quality analytics and monitoring: A review

This review summarizes the different tools and concepts that are commonly applied in air quality monitoring. The monitoring of atmosphere is extremely important as the air quality is an important problem for large communities. Main requirements for analytical devices used for monitoring include a long period of autonomic operation and portability. These instruments, however, are often characterized by poor analytical performance. Monitoring networks are the most common tools used for monitoring, so large-scale monitoring programmes are summarized here. Biomonitoring, as a cheap and convenient alternative to traditional sample collection, is becoming more and more popular, although its main drawback is the lack of standard procedures. Telemonitoring is another approach to air monitoring, which offers some interesting opportunities, such as ease of coverage of large or remote areas, constituting a complementary approach to traditional strategies; however, it requires huge costs.